tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-52862037836070488742024-02-07T17:21:01.644-08:00IRS Group E 2012 :DValence Leunghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01777016726753708406noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-14906453979106288092013-03-29T07:32:00.003-07:002013-03-29T07:32:48.320-07:00Done Bys<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlrIGmuxOc_jAj7NXVtRYthywsd-XUFcPyIPN0WchaOwWO8_qpH9ZLg2e_1bqcDstROzJJrh27wTJ7J9YKovyq_Zo6NJ2WDL1hAYjX3WO9BFHUPOoZF6sIc2gqUpdoxCGToI1nUqc4obE/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-03-29+at+10.30.23+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlrIGmuxOc_jAj7NXVtRYthywsd-XUFcPyIPN0WchaOwWO8_qpH9ZLg2e_1bqcDstROzJJrh27wTJ7J9YKovyq_Zo6NJ2WDL1hAYjX3WO9BFHUPOoZF6sIc2gqUpdoxCGToI1nUqc4obE/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-03-29+at+10.30.23+PM.png" /></a></div>
<br />Matilda :D http://www.blogger.com/profile/03614070596026977658noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-43992703008748573502013-03-23T08:38:00.002-07:002013-03-23T08:38:35.946-07:00Research Report<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeKWyUqZLNEFRLWTYDSBicyPzWoO4RR4VXJSFU2dMEq3utWEzc7e6kIslqGjYR4xNdaUlN5AXI10YNyjDzHWrlmHgKvfGzIseerzRQdZko9z26yRPyKfMeAer0na80vAHiJ96T5lv8IA91/s1600/research+report.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeKWyUqZLNEFRLWTYDSBicyPzWoO4RR4VXJSFU2dMEq3utWEzc7e6kIslqGjYR4xNdaUlN5AXI10YNyjDzHWrlmHgKvfGzIseerzRQdZko9z26yRPyKfMeAer0na80vAHiJ96T5lv8IA91/s640/research+report.jpg" width="456" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwLm0rUhz3RcMFSSSBRY7V82Yp3mRj6KA-kIrHp3nk0zeJ_EC-RU3V8YE_C71yLvIednEBnAD6_ae5dWOyYgwdxaxlpdntQX2JrQYes07yhVhFUTiBvzwZXkiueGu2CcwsDSc5LDPK2MSX/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-03-23+at+11.36.30+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwLm0rUhz3RcMFSSSBRY7V82Yp3mRj6KA-kIrHp3nk0zeJ_EC-RU3V8YE_C71yLvIednEBnAD6_ae5dWOyYgwdxaxlpdntQX2JrQYes07yhVhFUTiBvzwZXkiueGu2CcwsDSc5LDPK2MSX/s640/Screen+Shot+2013-03-23+at+11.36.30+PM.png" width="454" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN5dDYiNABrS1CESo0vFFos_QYVSBB2PEHKqjVqt4v6jwy1CprKVpgBI7lChLk_WTvepFm6JpkR0KZJoHUxe59DLn5XXMqcD03T_exBL70awPdZt_73yzlDsULDwcrGVLGpQdrosQalJhg/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-03-23+at+11.36.38+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN5dDYiNABrS1CESo0vFFos_QYVSBB2PEHKqjVqt4v6jwy1CprKVpgBI7lChLk_WTvepFm6JpkR0KZJoHUxe59DLn5XXMqcD03T_exBL70awPdZt_73yzlDsULDwcrGVLGpQdrosQalJhg/s640/Screen+Shot+2013-03-23+at+11.36.38+PM.png" width="502" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />Valence Leunghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01777016726753708406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-73713844013204678322013-03-21T05:17:00.001-07:002013-03-21T05:19:11.218-07:00Introduction to Colorectal Cancer<br />
<div class="meta-content" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.818181991577148px; line-height: 14.545454025268555px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h1 style="border: 0px; color: #14376c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.3846em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="title" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Colon cancer</span></h1>
</div>
<div class="body-content whole_rhythm" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.818181991577148px; line-height: 14.545454025268555px; margin: 1.3846em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Colon, or colorectal, cancer is cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the colon).</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Other types of cancer can affect the colon. These include <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A000580/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">lymphoma</a>, carcinoid tumors, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A000850/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">melanoma</a>, and sarcomas. These are rare. In this article, colon cancer refers to colon carcinoma only.</div>
<div id="adam_000262.disease.causes" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(151, 176, 200); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #985735; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2307em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.125; margin: 1.125em 0px 0.5625em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Causes, incidence, and risk factors</h2>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Early diagnosis, though, can often lead to a complete cure.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Almost all colon cancers start in glands in the lining of the colon and rectum. When doctors talk about colorectal cancer, this is usually what they are talking about.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
There is no single cause of colon cancer. Nearly all colon cancers begin as noncancerous (benign) polyps, which slowly develop into cancer.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
You have a high risk of colon cancer if you:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.6923em 1em 0.6923em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Are older than 60</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Are African American of eastern European descent</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Eat <span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct" ginger_sofatware_markguid="5671dbd0-d2d3-4d23-a008-1ab428eab074" ginger_sofatware_uiphraseguid="29e75b86-b736-44c4-b021-5a807d486ae4" grcontextid="a:0">a</span> a lot of red or processed meats</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Have <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A000266/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">colorectal polyps</a></div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Have inflammatory bowel disease (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A000249/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Crohn's disease</a> or <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A000250/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ulcerative colitis</a>)</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Have a family history of colon cancer</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Have a personal history of breast cancer</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Certain inherited diseases also increase the risk of developing colon cancer. Two of the most common are:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.6923em 1em 0.6923em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch syndrome</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
What you eat may play a role in your risk of colon cancer. Colon cancer may be linked to a high-fat, low-fiber diet and to a high intake of red meat. Some studies, though, have found that the risk does not drop if you switch to a high-fiber diet, so this link is not yet clear.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol are other risk factors for colorectal cancer.</div>
</div>
<div id="adam_000262.disease.symptoms" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(151, 176, 200); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #985735; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2307em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.125; margin: 1.125em 0px 0.5625em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Symptoms</h2>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Many cases of colon cancer have no symptoms. The following symptoms may indicate colon cancer:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.6923em 1em 0.6923em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A003120/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Abdominal pain and tenderness</a> in the lower abdomen</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A003130/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Blood in the stool</a></div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A003126/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Diarrhea</a>, constipation, or other change in bowel habits</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Narrow stools</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A003107/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Weight loss</a> with no known reason</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="adam_000262.disease.signs-and-tests" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(151, 176, 200); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #985735; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2307em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.125; margin: 1.125em 0px 0.5625em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Signs and tests</h2>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
With screening colon cancer can be detected before symptoms develop. This is when the cancer is most curable.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Your doctor will perform a physical exam and press on your belly area. The physical exam rarely shows any problems, although the doctor may feel a lump (mass) in the abdomen. A rectal exam may reveal a mass in patients with rectal cancer, but not colon cancer.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
A <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A007007/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">fecal occult blood test (FOBT)</a> may detect small amounts of blood in the stool. This may suggest colon cancer. <span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct" ginger_sofatware_markguid="1c899a14-cbdd-4ec6-a5d8-69c1c2b5cfb7" ginger_sofatware_uiphraseguid="8d93a51d-5741-4ea4-8e53-9e706c79e66b" grcontextid="FOBT:0">FOBT</span> must be done along with <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A003886/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">colonoscopy</a> or <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A003885/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sigmoidoscopy</a> to screen for and diagnose colorectal cancer.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Note: Only colonoscopy can see the entire colon. This is the best screening test for colon cancer.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Blood tests that may be done include:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.6923em 1em 0.6923em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A003642/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Complete blood count</a> (CBC) to check for anemia</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A003436/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Liver function tests</a></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
If you are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, more tests will be done to see if the cancer has spread. This is called staging. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A003330/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CT</a> or <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A003335/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">MRI</a> scans of the abdomen, pelvic area, chest, or <span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct" ginger_sofatware_markguid="646bfc65-90b4-4a1d-b76c-c2ddd3aa15de" ginger_sofatware_uiphraseguid="1bd02416-96f1-4469-90bb-6dfa9fdacbac" grcontextid="brain:0">brain</span> may be used to stage the cancer. Sometimes, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A003827/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PET</a> scans are also used.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Stages of colon cancer are:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.6923em 1em 0.6923em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Stage 0: Very early cancer on the innermost layer of the intestine</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Stage I: Cancer is in the inner layers of the colon</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Stage II: Cancer has spread through the muscle wall of the colon</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Stage III: Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Stage IV: Cancer has spread to other organs outside the colon</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Blood tests to detect tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-9, may help your physician follow you during and after treatment.</div>
</div>
<div id="adam_000262.disease.treatment" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(151, 176, 200); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #985735; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2307em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.125; margin: 1.125em 0px 0.5625em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Treatment</h2>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Treatment depends on many things, including <span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct" ginger_sofatware_markguid="6697b92c-2a51-499e-8a42-04c400332b72" ginger_sofatware_uiphraseguid="a0463eb3-e915-47e5-b2db-33d588f17df3" grcontextid="stage:0">stage</span> of the cancer. Treatments may include:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.6923em 1em 0.6923em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Surgery (most often a <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A002941/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_noSuggestion GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct" ginger_sofatware_markguid="627879d1-c698-4445-a17b-71ba23fd1f44" ginger_sofatware_uiphraseguid="b8fb0db9-589e-493f-a9ce-23e8add5fe32" grcontextid="colectomy:0">colectomy</span></a>) to remove cancer cells</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A002324/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chemotherapy</a> to kill cancer cells</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A001918/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Radiation therapy</a> to destroy cancerous tissue</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Surgery</b></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Stage 0 colon cancer may be treated by removing the cancer cells. This is done using colonoscopy. For stages I, II, and III cancer, more extensive surgery is needed to remove the part of the colon that is cancerous. This surgery is called <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A002941/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">colon resection</a>.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chemotherapy</b></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Almost all patients with stage III colon cancer should receive chemotherapy after surgery for 6 - 8 months. This is called adjuvant chemotherapy. The drug 5-<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0000757/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_noSuggestion GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct" ginger_sofatware_markguid="138f31ec-581a-411c-9ab7-fd8f960b78cc" ginger_sofatware_uiphraseguid="d56a7b01-91bb-4dd9-a645-3c221898f945" grcontextid="fluorouracil:0">fluorouracil</span></a> can increase the chance of a cure in certain patients.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Chemotherapy is also used to improve symptoms and prolong survival in patients with stage IV colon cancer.</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.6923em 1em 0.6923em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Irinotecan, oxaliplatin, capecitabine, and 5-<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0000757/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_noSuggestion GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct" ginger_sofatware_markguid="0cbe318a-fcf4-45a1-ab7c-f1d6e509d9d5" ginger_sofatware_uiphraseguid="b85ad585-9951-4221-9352-cb822c23f151" grcontextid="fluorouracil:0">fluorouracil</span></a> are the three most commonly used drugs.</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Monoclonal antibodies, including cetuximab (Erbitux), panitumumab (Vectibix), bevacizumab (Avastin), and other drugs have been used alone or in combination with chemotherapy.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
You may receive just one type, or a combination of these drugs. There is some debate as to whether patients with stage II colon cancer should receive chemotherapy after surgery. You should discuss this with your oncologist.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Radiation</b></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Radiation therapy is sometimes used in patients with colon cancer. It is usually used in combination with chemotherapy for patients with stage III rectal cancer.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
For patients with stage IV disease that has spread to the liver, treatments directed at the liver can be used. This may include:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.6923em 1em 0.6923em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Burning the cancer (ablation)</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Delivering chemotherapy or radiation directly into the liver</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Freezing the cancer (cryotherapy)</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Surgery</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="adam_000262.disease.support-groups" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(151, 176, 200); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #985735; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2307em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.125; margin: 1.125em 0px 0.5625em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Support Groups</h2>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
You can ease the stress of illness by joining a <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A007006/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">colon cancer support group.</a> Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone. </div>
</div>
<div id="adam_000262.disease.prognosis" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(151, 176, 200); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #985735; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2307em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.125; margin: 1.125em 0px 0.5625em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Expectations (prognosis)</h2>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
In many cases, colon cancer is treatable when it is caught early.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
How well you do depends on many things, especially the stage of the cancer. When treated at an early stage, many <span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct" ginger_sofatware_markguid="e3d1302b-960a-432e-a2a2-975ab0eecef9" ginger_sofatware_uiphraseguid="24e85b22-208e-4e52-a3c8-cbf79184f30a" grcontextid="patientssurvive:0">patientssurvive</span> at least 5 years after diagnosis. This is called the 5-year survival rate.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
If the colon cancer does not come back (recur) within 5 years, it is considered cured. Stage I, II, and III cancers are considered possibly curable. In most cases, stage IV cancer is not considered curable, although there are exceptions.</div>
</div>
<div id="adam_000262.disease.complications" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(151, 176, 200); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #985735; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2307em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.125; margin: 1.125em 0px 0.5625em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Complications</h2>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.6923em 1em 0.6923em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Blockage of the colon, causing <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A000260/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">bowel obstruction</a></div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Cancer returning in the colon</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Cancer spreading to other organs or tissues (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A002260/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">metastasis</a>)</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Development of a second primary colorectal cancer</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="adam_000262.disease.calling-your-doctor" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(151, 176, 200); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #985735; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2307em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.125; margin: 1.125em 0px 0.5625em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Calling your health care provider</h2>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Call your health care provider if you have:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.6923em 1em 0.6923em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Black, tar-like stools</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Blood during a bowel movement</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Change in bowel habits</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Unexplained weight loss</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="adam_000262.disease.prevention" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(151, 176, 200); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #985735; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2307em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.125; margin: 1.125em 0px 0.5625em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Prevention</h2>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The death rate for colon cancer has dropped in the last 15 years. This may be due to increased awareness and screening by colonoscopy.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Colon cancer can almost always be caught by colonoscopy in its earliest and most curable stages. Almost all men and women age 50 and older should have a <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A002071/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">colon cancer screening</a>. Patients at higher risk may need earlier screening.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Colon cancer screening can often find polyps before they become cancerous. Removing these polyps may prevent colon cancer.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Changing your diet and lifestyle is important. Medical research suggests that low-fat and high-fiber diets may reduce your risk of colon cancer.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Some studies have reported that NSAIDs (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0000168/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">aspirin</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0000915/" style="border: 0px; color: #642a8f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ibuprofen</a>, naproxen, celecoxib) may help reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. But these medicines can increase your risk of bleeding and heart problems. Your health care provider can tell you more about the risks and benefits of the medicines and other ways that help prevent colorectal cancer.</div>
</div>
<div id="A000262_reflist" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(151, 176, 200); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #985735; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2307em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.125; margin: 1.125em 0px 0.5625em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
References</h2>
<ol style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.6923em 1em 0.6923em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li id="A000262_ref1" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cunningham D, Atkin W, Lenz HJ, Lynch HT, Minsky B, Nordlinger B, et al. Colorectal cancer. <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lancet</em>. 2010;375:1030-1047.</li>
<li id="A000262_ref2" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines): Colon cancer. Version 2.2013. Available at http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/colon.pdf. Accessed November 16, 2012.</li>
<li id="A000262_ref3" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Smith RA, Cokkinides V, Brawley OW. Cancer screening in the United States, 2012: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CA Cancer J Clin</em>. 2012;62:129-142.</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<dl class="labeled-list small" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8461em; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.6363em; margin: 0.6923em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<dt style="border: 0px; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0.8em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></dt>
<dd style="border: 0px; display: table-cell; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div class="no_top_margin" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Review Date: 11/17/2012</div>
<div class="no_top_margin" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Retrieved on : March 21, 2013</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
Valence Leunghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01777016726753708406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-87555552101782532062013-03-21T04:57:00.000-07:002013-03-21T04:57:06.725-07:00Researched linksResearched Links:<br />
<br />
<div class="p1">
<a href="http://www.nejm.org/medical-research/colorectal-cancer">http://www.nejm.org/medical-research/colorectal-cancer</a> </div>
<div class="p1">
</div>
<div class="p1">
<a href="http://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?category=1306">http://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?category=1306</a> </div>
<div class="p1">
<b id="internal-source-marker_0.03552774083800614" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/776519"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/776519</span></a><span style="font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="p1">
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></b></div>
<br />
Valence Leunghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01777016726753708406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-2108192214009960782013-03-10T22:53:00.001-07:002013-03-10T22:53:10.051-07:00Introduction Paragraph Plan1) What is colorectal Cancer<br />
2) How it affects an individual<br />
3) What can be done about it after contracting itValence Leunghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01777016726753708406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-36774041627197571582012-10-19T09:09:00.003-07:002012-10-19T09:09:57.941-07:00Our Group Proposal <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoLWviCYMUQmqybu1rUECLUz16iE3ap5jRuF5IU-e8FBEJ1zogiJ95GFFkW3uom4nRy0qBtnzWDBHeIx4_tpU8aHCYQge6T-cngkTPhuQLeCrCaBJlcCINFOB7sAVnLQUirUJBhMTTa0Y/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoLWviCYMUQmqybu1rUECLUz16iE3ap5jRuF5IU-e8FBEJ1zogiJ95GFFkW3uom4nRy0qBtnzWDBHeIx4_tpU8aHCYQge6T-cngkTPhuQLeCrCaBJlcCINFOB7sAVnLQUirUJBhMTTa0Y/s640/1.png" width="449" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOHgdOJTxkVNc72gaLBhlYAQFB22F95L9XRZx3NgsObH3JIuf4XOs709FbB9GLT86hhJPvkTwqFbLJCymA0qU9blYSZlJb2oQygO9jcee-pLsgCsui6pR3aO5ilyiWjkgSMSvNb840Bhk/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOHgdOJTxkVNc72gaLBhlYAQFB22F95L9XRZx3NgsObH3JIuf4XOs709FbB9GLT86hhJPvkTwqFbLJCymA0qU9blYSZlJb2oQygO9jcee-pLsgCsui6pR3aO5ilyiWjkgSMSvNb840Bhk/s640/2.png" width="556" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8FsB9Wk71Y_AxDmEIEsoU8wKJ4-VT_aPlaQoKRCHaWbH9bfFkud83RRemZiOJbzz_w0j5NM2N6kWnhMSjTCRoa9UedvtcK-U2XXW-im6iE7GxT79ySBeWTZuVN9DTSbM9iR5se_c5qeg/s1600/3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8FsB9Wk71Y_AxDmEIEsoU8wKJ4-VT_aPlaQoKRCHaWbH9bfFkud83RRemZiOJbzz_w0j5NM2N6kWnhMSjTCRoa9UedvtcK-U2XXW-im6iE7GxT79ySBeWTZuVN9DTSbM9iR5se_c5qeg/s640/3.png" width="556" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLZ5M6r6cUSGGe6nEuA0-AML9WZlG9tI_nMSgFXMJluQvn3XjcNFj9zvND166YUgr_-34QZ_Bh9yEYZr9R33gyh0f86t1KJQHuT1y3njz-g_XsH0Uut65lUHk5HHcWnUSZG_OmUAdKwHM/s1600/4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="630" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLZ5M6r6cUSGGe6nEuA0-AML9WZlG9tI_nMSgFXMJluQvn3XjcNFj9zvND166YUgr_-34QZ_Bh9yEYZr9R33gyh0f86t1KJQHuT1y3njz-g_XsH0Uut65lUHk5HHcWnUSZG_OmUAdKwHM/s640/4.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Matilda :D http://www.blogger.com/profile/03614070596026977658noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-75122308245124733792012-10-19T05:15:00.003-07:002012-10-19T05:15:21.224-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZWK1Oq7UmvSGtMvhVUWZy9BIZwsWS3DY-sZd_Pq8LKON4t7WiI-0JpWsn0IXvvxqmKgYdmjQhGRX9yFwLr-xsbC7V_jcg_IdnqVk41vsWKGinyg6TLZi8O7v3BFdo9bGIVHV0JnO038g/s1600/Screen+Shot+2012-10-19+at+8.13.05+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZWK1Oq7UmvSGtMvhVUWZy9BIZwsWS3DY-sZd_Pq8LKON4t7WiI-0JpWsn0IXvvxqmKgYdmjQhGRX9yFwLr-xsbC7V_jcg_IdnqVk41vsWKGinyg6TLZi8O7v3BFdo9bGIVHV0JnO038g/s400/Screen+Shot+2012-10-19+at+8.13.05+PM.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIfAaLOowXMz1-o1jIg_vgr1YqGNIYCcgEwLSezW1xzxuxk5TGZkP6y1fYstEceSFkpXcgps8_Gh9fpcnZM48olhEZeFOCmn2nP4n-GeuJYewOueCV9WcoYk5167AIrtEu71y3EFxt6GE/s1600/Screen+Shot+2012-10-19+at+8.13.30+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIfAaLOowXMz1-o1jIg_vgr1YqGNIYCcgEwLSezW1xzxuxk5TGZkP6y1fYstEceSFkpXcgps8_Gh9fpcnZM48olhEZeFOCmn2nP4n-GeuJYewOueCV9WcoYk5167AIrtEu71y3EFxt6GE/s400/Screen+Shot+2012-10-19+at+8.13.30+PM.png" width="366" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZbvVJ-t7BEqlZoG3hOk2GRJg7C3vEsskmH37PtVcvxB1qU8XapNAtGPNEu3K0MDOwe5PYjS2hGZZe6StghMU6bIJ-S8jy73YAjCZp5Un0vUHjqjyFLIbUJWGR0bkJt0iSYPE5j-MHas/s1600/Screen+Shot+2012-10-19+at+8.13.46+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZbvVJ-t7BEqlZoG3hOk2GRJg7C3vEsskmH37PtVcvxB1qU8XapNAtGPNEu3K0MDOwe5PYjS2hGZZe6StghMU6bIJ-S8jy73YAjCZp5Un0vUHjqjyFLIbUJWGR0bkJt0iSYPE5j-MHas/s400/Screen+Shot+2012-10-19+at+8.13.46+PM.png" width="372" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1SL3JN-cCOAkailbd7RKWT-dQ_69gtX08GFMi3hSz3m-q6S2xtX_oWaxgYaa6Uao8tWdB6DQ1scN8Yc1E1Z2LEp7EPvtdKbU-eUKxul6kbs4t65lbuLPbKcdLL9guIBEeYDQXDMsqHuc/s1600/Screen+Shot+2012-10-19+at+8.13.53+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1SL3JN-cCOAkailbd7RKWT-dQ_69gtX08GFMi3hSz3m-q6S2xtX_oWaxgYaa6Uao8tWdB6DQ1scN8Yc1E1Z2LEp7EPvtdKbU-eUKxul6kbs4t65lbuLPbKcdLL9guIBEeYDQXDMsqHuc/s400/Screen+Shot+2012-10-19+at+8.13.53+PM.png" width="400" /></a></div>
Group ProposalEsther Chiramalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18086961558400231484noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-79511869766086475742012-10-02T19:40:00.001-07:002012-10-02T19:42:54.821-07:00Group E's IRS Video <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/jjq5sqqqIrc?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />Matilda :D http://www.blogger.com/profile/03614070596026977658noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-42621184449977078492012-08-28T19:41:00.001-07:002012-09-12T01:04:44.089-07:00Research Justification
<br />
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b>RESEARCH JUSTIFICATION</b></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b>YEAR ONE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH STUDIES</b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b>Research Topic<i>: Singaporeans and their perception on Colorectal Cancer</i></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p3">
<span class="s2"><b>Chosen Area of Focus:</b></span><span class="s1"><b> <i>How people think that Colorectal Cancer comes about and what they do to prevent it compared to the real reason.</i></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b>Framing our research topic</b></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">Our chosen area of focus is <i>“</i><b><i>The root cause of Colorectal Cancer and what others think that Colorectal Cancer can be prevented and how different it is from the scientifically proven way of preventing Colorectal Cancer</i></b><i>”</i>. We have chosen this topic as Colorectal Cancer is the most common cancer in Singapore for both males and females.This is why most of us have taken our own precautionary measures to go about preventing the cancer. Many people have different perceptions and different ways that they think would help against Colorectal Cancer.Singapore has even built a $70 million hospital for colorectal cancer patients. But just how effective is their ways, and does it really help to prevent Colorectal Cancer? Or is it just a myth, or belief? We think that people of the public should be educated on how Colorectal Cancer is prevented in ways that are scientifically proven.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">1.Possible reasons for why Colorectal Cancer occurs in us is due to the high fat, alcohol and red meat intake, obesity, smoking and lack of physical exercise. The risk of you getting Colorectal Cancer increases as you age over the years. Colorectal Cancer can also be inherited. According to the netdoctor (2012), the table below shows the chances of getting Colorectal Cancer if you have relatives that have been diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer. </span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"> </span></div>
<div class="p4">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="t1"><tbody>
<tr><td class="td1" valign="top"><div class="p6">
<span class="s1"><b>Relative with CRC</b></span></div>
</td><td class="td2" valign="top"><div class="p6">
<span class="s1"><b>Approximate risk of developing CRC</b></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td3" valign="top"><div class="p7">
<span class="s1">1 FDR</span></div>
</td><td class="td4" valign="top"><div class="p7">
<span class="s1"> 1 in 17</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td3" valign="top"><div class="p7">
<span class="s1">1 FDR 1 SDR</span></div>
</td><td class="td4" valign="top"><div class="p7">
<span class="s1"> 1 in 12</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td3" valign="top"><div class="p7">
<span class="s1">1 FDR under 45 years</span></div>
</td><td class="td4" valign="top"><div class="p7">
<span class="s1"> 1 in 10</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td3" valign="top"><div class="p7">
<span class="s1">2 FDRs</span></div>
</td><td class="td4" valign="top"><div class="p7">
<span class="s1"> 1 in 6</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td3" valign="top"><div class="p7">
<span class="s1">3 FDRs </span></div>
</td><td class="td4" valign="top"><div class="p7">
<span class="s1"> 1 in 2</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="s1"></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">Key:</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">FDR: first degree relative, eg. mother,father,brother,sister</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">SDR: second degree relative, eg uncle,aunt</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">CRC: colorectal cancer</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">2.Many cases of colon cancer have no symptoms. The following symptoms, however, may indicate colon cancer:</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<ul>
<li class="li1"><span class="s1">Abdominal pain and tenderness in the lower abdomen </span></li>
<li class="li1"><span class="s1">Blood in stool</span></li>
<li class="li1"><span class="s1">Diarrhea, constipation, or other changes in bowel habits</span></li>
<li class="li1"><span class="s1">Narrow stools</span></li>
<li class="li1"><span class="s1">Weight loss with unknown reasons</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">3.</span><span class="s3"><b>Colorectal Cancer is higher in patients of Crohn's disease.</b></span><span class="s1"><b> </b>Crohn’s disease is also knowns as Inflammatory bowel disease - Crohn's disease; Regional enteritis; Ileitis; Granulomatous ileocolitis; IBD- Crohn's disease.The exact cause of Crohn's disease is unknown. It is an autoimmune disorder. An autoimmune disorder is a condition that occurs when your body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">4. Some people have their minds and perceptions on the proper ways to prevent Colorectal Cancer clouded with bias-ness and beliefs that may not be true. Hence, some possible solutions to the above mentioned problems would be to educate the people on the above subject.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">5.</span><span class="s3"><b>Preventing Colorectal Cancer Colonoscopy</b></span><span class="s1"><b><br />
</b>Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large bowel and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fibre optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. It may provide a visual diagnosis (e.g. ulceration, polyps) and grants the opportunity for biopsy or removal of suspected lesions. </span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">6. Some people have their minds and perceptions on the proper ways to prevent Colorectal Cancer clouded with bias-ness and beliefs that may not be true. Hence, some possible solutions to the above mentioned problems would be to educate the people on the above subject.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reasons for the choice of topic.</span></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">1. We have chosen this topic, as we want to find out more about Colorectal Cancer and how it can affect our lives.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">2.This allows us to fulfill the requirements of the project task as the project task looks at Colorectal Cancer as a whole, and in a non-biased, scientific way.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">3.This topic benefits society as this will educate people on more about Colorectal Cancer, one that will explain more about it, and let others know the right way of preventing it - scientifically proven way. </span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s3"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Feasibility of research </span></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">1. There is a need for our research, as many people do not know about how to prevent Colorectal Cancer properly. Their ways are mostly biased and all about what we should do in our daily lives, and not the proper measures to prevent it. Hence, our research can help to let these people know about the proper measures to be taken.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">2. It is possible to carry out and complete the project, as there are many students and people that we could interview/survey in the vicinity.The proposed course of action is logical and realistic as it can be completed with the help of some students and/or members of the public who would be willing to do a survey and with our hardwork and group effort.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">3. The research provides sufficient opportunity for generation of ideas, as we will constantly have to think of ways to do certain things in the project. As for analysis and evaluation of ideas, we will certainly have many opportunities to analyse information and evaluate ideas on how to go about deciding what to do next.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s3"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Manageability of research</span></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">1. The timeline for the different components of the project will be decided later based on the situation then. But overall, the project will be done as quickly and carefully as we can, trying our best not to go out of point and staying as close to the topic as possible.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">2. This research provides sufficient opportunity for group work as we will need to discuss a lot of matters regarding the project, for example who will be assigned to do what component of the project and we will have to work together. </span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
3.We do anticipate some difficulties along the way, such as poor communication among the group members and lack of data. We intend to cope with these difficulties by trying to get the group to go and upload their findings and their part of the project onto this google document.</div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s3"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Accessibility of the information required</span> </span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"><b></b></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b>1. </b>Information/knowledge that will be relevant to our research would be the measures people take to prevent Colorectal Cancer.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">2. We will be obtaining this information from primary and secondary sources. Documentary, books, youtube videos,surveys or public opinion.</span><span class="s4"> </span><span class="s1">Depending on which one gives more reliable and useful information.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">3. Some alternatives that we have thought of would be to ask others for information or where can we find the information that we need.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">4. Some problems we anticipate while gathering the materials would be that the information that we can find is not entirely relevant to our project and that that is already the closest piece of information among all others that we have found.</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s3">References</span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s3"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b>Colon Cancer Information.</b></span></div>
<div class="p8">
<span class="s2"><b>Retrieved on 14/8/12 from </b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_cancer"><span class="s3">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_cancer</span></a> </span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b>Colon Cancer Symptoms.</b></span></div>
<div class="p8">
<span class="s2"><b>Retrieved on the 14/8/12 from </b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001308/"><span class="s3">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001308/</span></a></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b>Preventing Colorectal Cancer</b></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b>Colonoscopy</b></span></div>
<div class="p8">
<span class="s2"><b>Retrieved on 14/8/12 from</b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonoscopy"><span class="s3">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonoscopy</span></a> </span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p2">
<b>The risk of developing Colorectal Cancer if you have relatives that are suffering from Colorectal Cancer. </b><span class="s1"></span></div>
<div class="p8">
<span class="s2"><b>Retrieved on the 14/8/12 from</b><a href="http://www.wizardjournal.com/social-networking/five-most-deadly-side-effects-of-facebook.html"><span class="s3"><b> </b></span></a> <a href="http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ate/cancer/203109.html"><span class="s3">http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ate/cancer/203109.html</span></a> </span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p9">
<span class="s3"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p4">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
Esther Chiramalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18086961558400231484noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-69761100155937887012012-07-31T07:31:00.001-07:002012-07-31T07:31:37.861-07:00Pls post 3 questions on the health of Singapore... thks ;DEsther Chiramalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18086961558400231484noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-6787591425092569742012-07-17T19:30:00.002-07:002012-07-17T20:05:21.278-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibQwSZnMpj5iLNLzEy6vm2o7HB9N8n2neFRKlFiYVT9rCMA_ZL339AQtoY9i0F32uD9xZ08id8E4BTow8DGsEjKLdKyR5ju54FeGa_AJjisozSlYV1szX3m9FxAvw8_rx92buplljWmSg/s1600/Screen+Shot+2012-07-18+at+11.04.35+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibQwSZnMpj5iLNLzEy6vm2o7HB9N8n2neFRKlFiYVT9rCMA_ZL339AQtoY9i0F32uD9xZ08id8E4BTow8DGsEjKLdKyR5ju54FeGa_AJjisozSlYV1szX3m9FxAvw8_rx92buplljWmSg/s320/Screen+Shot+2012-07-18+at+11.04.35+AM.png" width="320" /></a></div>
we will be doing research on people (teenagers and children )Esther Chiramalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18086961558400231484noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-11522078451558572502012-07-10T19:48:00.001-07:002012-07-10T19:48:29.098-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjRQBcDVGUfTVJrKkFWjpEK6lxhYENt4jRTUP7yC6a2ZP2R_EeFCX4L6P0WW8buAKI2b3Ut-6nI6EY-NWh6wQuq7-vdxMIE06ZJLhxKq92ViNYx-M3d7_diTuVDPCOg9-1U5kZWP1J4Ks/s1600/Screen+Shot+2012-07-11+at+10.45.35+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="84" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjRQBcDVGUfTVJrKkFWjpEK6lxhYENt4jRTUP7yC6a2ZP2R_EeFCX4L6P0WW8buAKI2b3Ut-6nI6EY-NWh6wQuq7-vdxMIE06ZJLhxKq92ViNYx-M3d7_diTuVDPCOg9-1U5kZWP1J4Ks/s320/Screen+Shot+2012-07-11+at+10.45.35+AM.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />Esther Chiramalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18086961558400231484noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-3614102452535454882012-06-24T23:04:00.001-07:002012-06-24T23:08:19.611-07:00research<br />
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 20.0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #595959;">4) In your opinion, what are the roles and
responsibilities for the Leader, Blog Manager Schedule Manager and P</span><span style="color: #595959;">ublic</span><span style="color: #595959;"> Relations
Manager? Why?</span></span></div>Esther Chiramalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18086961558400231484noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-31557566894641017752012-06-24T23:03:00.001-07:002012-06-24T23:03:08.618-07:00research3) What I want to learn in IRS this semester?Esther Chiramalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18086961558400231484noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-74897660890976054122012-06-24T23:02:00.001-07:002012-06-24T23:02:24.797-07:00Research2) Why do I think research is important in our studies?Esther Chiramalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18086961558400231484noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5286203783607048874.post-38461219336381914552012-06-24T23:00:00.003-07:002012-06-24T23:00:51.192-07:00Research1) What is research to me?<br />
<br />Esther Chiramalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18086961558400231484noreply@blogger.com3